Publications

2021
Yaowen Hu, Mengjie Yu, Di Zhu, Neil Sinclair, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Linbo Shao, Jeffrey Holzgrafe, Eric Puma, Mian Zhang, and Marko Loncar. 11/25/2021. “On-chip electro-optic frequency shifters and beam splitters.” Nature, 599, Pp. 587. Publisher's Version
Mohsen Falamarzi Askarani, Antariksha Das, Jacob Davidson, Gustavo Amaral, Neil Sinclair, Joshua Slater, Sara Marzban, Charles Thiel, Rufus Cone, Daniel Oblak, and Wolfgang Tittel. 11/22/2021. “ Long-Lived Solid-State Optical Memory for High-Rate Quantum Repeaters.” Physical Review Letters, 127, 220502. Publisher's Version
Kazuhiro Kuruma, Afaq Habib Piracha, Dylan Renaud, Cleaven Chia, Neil Sinclair, Athavan Nadarajah, Alastair Stacey, Steven Prawer, and Marko Loncar. 10/26/2021. “Telecommunication-wavelength two-dimensional photonic crystal cavities in a thin single-crystal diamond membrane.” Applied Physics Letters, 119, 17, Pp. 171106. Publisher's Version [PDF]
Stefan Krastanov, Hamza Raniwala, Jeffrey Holzgrafe, Kurt Jacobs, Marko Loncar, Matthew J. Reagor, and Dirk R. Englund. 7/21/2021. “Optically-Heralded Entanglement of Superconducting Systems in Quantum Networks.” Physical Review Letters, 127, Pp. 040503. Publisher's Version [PDF]
Kazuhiro Kuruma, Benjamin Pingault, Cleaven Chia, Dylan Renaud, Patrick Hoffmann, Satoshi Iwamoto, Carsten Ronning, and Marko Lončar. 6/10/2021. “Coupling of a Single Tin-vacancy Center to a Photonic Crystal Cavity in Diamond.” Applied Physics Letters, 118, 23, Pp. 230601. Publisher's Version
Alejandro R.-P. Montblanch, Dhiren M. Kara, Ioannis Paradisanos, Carola M. Purser, Matthew S. G. Feuer, Evgeny M. Alexeev, Lucio Stefan, Ying Qin, Mark Blei, Gang Wang, Alisson R. Cadore, Pawel Latawiec, Marko Lončar, Sefaattin Tongay, Andrea C. Ferrari, and Mete Atatüre. 6/7/2021. “Confinement of long-lived interlayer excitons in WS2/WSe2 heterostructures.” communications physics, 4, Pp. 119. Publisher's Version
Di Zhu, Linbo Shao, Mengjie Yu, Rebecca Cheng, Boris Desiatov, C. J. Xin, Yaowen Hu, Jeffrey Holzgrafe, Soumya Ghosh, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Eric Puma, Neil Sinclair, Christian Reimer, Mian Zhang, and Marko Lončar. 5/3/2021. “Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate.” Advances in Optics and Photonics, 13, 2, Pp. 242-352. Publisher's VersionAbstract
Lithium niobate (LN), an outstanding and versatile material, has influenced our daily life for decades: from enabling high-speed optical communications that form the backbone of the Internet to realizing radio-frequency filtering used in our cell phones. This half-century-old material is currently embracing a revolution in thin-film LN integrated photonics. The successes of manufacturing wafer-scale, high-quality, thin films of LN on insulator (LNOI) and breakthroughs in nanofabrication techniques have made high-performance integrated nanophotonic components possible. With rapid development in the past few years, some of these thin-film LN devices, such as optical modulators and nonlinear wavelength converters, have already outperformed their legacy counterparts realized in bulk LN crystals. Furthermore, the nanophotonic integration enabled ultra-low-loss resonators in LN, which unlocked many novel applications such as optical frequency combs and quantum transducers. In this Review, we cover -- from basic principles to the state of the art -- the diverse aspects of integrated thin-film LN photonics, including the materials, basic passive components, and various active devices based on electro-optics, all-optical nonlinearities, and acousto-optics. We also identify challenges that this platform is currently facing and point out future opportunities. The field of integrated LNOI photonics is advancing rapidly and poised to make critical impacts on a broad range of applications in communication, signal processing, and quantum information.
LN_review_arXiv_version.pdf
Mian Zhang, Cheng Wang, Prashanta Kharel, Di Zhu, and Marko Loncar. 5/2021. “Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators: when performance meets scalability.” Optica, 8, 5, Pp. 652-667. Publisher's VersionAbstract
Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) convert signals from the electrical to the optical domain. They are at the heart of optical communication, microwave signal processing, sensing, and quantum technologies. Next-generation EOMs require high-density integration, low cost, and high performance simultaneously, which are difficult to achieve with established integrated photonics platforms. Thin-film lithium niobate (LN) has recently emerged as a strong contender owing to its high intrinsic electro-optic (EO) efficiency, industry-proven performance, robustness, and, importantly, the rapid development of scalable fabrication techniques. The thin-film LN platform inherits nearly all the material advantages from the legacy bulk LN devices and amplifies them with a smaller footprint, wider bandwidths, and lower power consumption. Since the first adoption of commercial thin-film LN wafers only a few years ago, the overall performance of thin-film LN modulators is already comparable with, if not exceeding, the performance of the best alternatives based on mature platforms such as silicon and indium phosphide, which have benefited from many decades of research and development. In this mini-review, we explain the principles and technical advances that have enabled state-of-the-art LN modulator demonstrations. We discuss several approaches, their advantages and challenges. We also outline the paths to follow if LN modulators are to improve further, and we provide a perspective on what we believe their performance could become in the future. Finally, as the integrated LN modulator is a key subcomponent of more complex photonic functionalities, we look forward to exciting opportunities for larger-scale LN EO circuits beyond single components.
optica-8-5-652.pdf
Neil Sinclair, Daniel Oblak, Erhan Saglamyurek, Rufus L. Cone, Charles W. Thiel, and Wolfgang Tittel. 4/12/2021. “Optical coherence and energy-level properties of a Tm3+-doped LiNbO3 waveguide at subkelvin temperatures.” Physical Review B, 103, Pp. 134105. Publisher's Version
David Awschalom, Karl K. Berggren, Hannes Bernien, Sunil Bhave, Lincoln D. Carr, Paul Davids, Sophia E. Economou, Dirk Englund, Andrei Faraon, Marty Fejer, Saikat Guha, Martin V. Gustafsson, Evelyn Hu, Liang Jiang, Jungsang Kim, Boris Korzh, Prem Kumar, Paul G. Kwiat, Marko Lončar, Mikhail D. Lukin, David A. B. Miller, Christopher Monroe, Sae Woo Nam, Prineha Narang, Jason S. Orcutt, Michael G. Raymer, Amir H. Safavi-Naeini, Maria Spiropulu, Kartik Srinivasan, Shuo Sun, Jelena Vučković, Edo Waks, Ronald Walsworth, Andrew M. Weiner, and Zheshen Zhang. 2/24/2021. “Development of Quantum InterConnects (QuICs) for Next-Generation Information Technologies.” PRX Quantum, 2, Pp. 017002. Publisher's VersionAbstract
Just as “classical” information technology rests on a foundation built of interconnected information-processing systems, quantum information technology (QIT) must do the same. A critical component of such systems is the “interconnect,” a device or process that allows transfer of information between disparate physical media, for example, semiconductor electronics, individual atoms, light pulses in optical fiber, or microwave fields. While interconnects have been well engineered for decades in the realm of classical information technology, quantum interconnects (QuICs) present special challenges, as they must allow the transfer of fragile quantum states between different physical parts or degrees of freedom of the system. The diversity of QIT platforms (superconducting, atomic, solid-state color center, optical, etc.) that will form a “quantum internet” poses additional challenges. As quantum systems scale to larger size, the quantum interconnect bottleneck is imminent, and is emerging as a grand challenge for QIT. For these reasons, it is the position of the community represented by participants of the NSF workshop on “Quantum Interconnects” that accelerating QuIC research is crucial for sustained development of a national quantum science and technology program. Given the diversity of QIT platforms, materials used, applications, and infrastructure required, a convergent research program including partnership between academia, industry, and national laboratories is required.
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Cleaven Chia, Bartholomeus Machielse, Benjamin Pingault, Michelle Chalupnik, Graham Joe, Eliza Cornell, Sophie Weiyi Ding, Stefan Bogdanovic, Kazuhiro Kuruma, Afaq Habib Piracha, Smarak Maity, Thomas M. Babinec, Srujan Meesala, and Marko Lončar. 1/2021. “Diamond quantum nanophotonics and optomechanics.” In Semiconductors and Semimetals: Diamond for Quantum Applications Part 2. Vol. 104. Academic Press, Elsevier. Publisher's Version
2020
Jeffrey Holzgrafe, Neil Sinclair, Di Zhu, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Marco Colangelo, Yaowen Hu, Mian Zhang, Karl K. Berggren, and Marko Lončar. 12/7/2020. “Cavity electro-optics in thin-film lithium niobate for efficient microwave-to-optical transduction.” Optica, 7, Pp. 1714. Publisher's Version [PDF]
Raju Valivarthi, Samantha I. Davis, Cristián Peña, Si Xie, Nikolai Lauk, Lautaro Narváez, Jason P. Allmaras, Andrew D. Beyer, Yewon Gim, Meraj Hussein, George Iskander, Hyunseong Linus Kim, Boris Korzh, Andrew Mueller, Mandy Rominsky, Matthew Shaw, Dawn Tang, Emma E. Wollman, Christoph Simon, Panagiotis Spentzouris, Daniel Oblak, Neil Sinclair, and Maria Spiropulu. 12/4/2020. “Teleportation Systems Towards a Quantum Internet.” PRX Quantum, 1, 020317. Publisher's Version
Cheng Wang, Mian Zhang, and Marko Loncar. 11/2020. “Chapter 1: High-Q Lithium Niobate Microcavities and Their Applications .” In Ultra-high-Q Optical Microcavities, Pp. 1-35. World Scientific. Publisher's VersionAbstract
Lithium niobate (LN) is an excellent nonlinear optical and electro-optic material that has found many applications in classical nonlinear optics, optical fiber communications and quantum photonics. Here we review the recent development of thin-film LN technology that has allowed the miniaturization of LN photonic devices and microcavities with ultra-high quality factors. We discuss the design principle of LN devices that makes use of the largest nonlinear coefficients, various device fabrication approaches and resulting device performances, and the current and potential applications of LN microcavities.
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Mohd Nuriman Nawi, Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin, Marko Loncar, Mohd Adzir Mahdi, Richard De La M Rue, and Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain. 10/12/2020. “Discrepancies in the free spectral range (FSR) of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal/photonic wire coupled-cavities .” Engineering Research Express, 2, 4, Pp. 045008. Publisher's Version [PDF]
Qixin Shen, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Andrew M. Boyce, Nathaniel C. Wilson, Tao Cai, Marko Loncar, and Maiken H. Mikkelsen. 9/28/2020. “A metasurface-based diamond frequency converter using plasmonic nanogap resonators.” Nanophotonics. Publisher's Version [PDF]
Lu Zheng, Linbo Shao, Marko Loncar, and Keji Lai. 9/8/2020. “Imaging Acoustic Waves by Microwave Microscopy: Microwave Impedance Microscopy for Visualizing Gigahertz Acoustic Waves.” IEEE Microwave Magazine, 21, Pp. 60. [PDF]
Yaowen Hu, Christian Reimer, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Mian Zhang, and Marko Loncar. 9/8/2020. “Realization of high-dimensional frequency crystals in electro-optic microcombs.” Optica, 7, Pp. 1189-1194. Publisher's Version [PDF]
Kevin Luke, Prashanta Kharel, Christian Reimer, Lingyan He, Marko Loncar, and Mian Zhang. 8/17/2020. “Wafer-scale low-loss lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits.” Optics Express, 28, Pp. 24452. Publisher's VersionAbstract

Thin-film lithium niobate (LN) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) could enable ultrahigh performance in electro-optic and nonlinear optical devices. To date, realizations have been limited to chip-scale proof-of-concepts. Here we demonstrate monolithic LN PICs fabricated on 4- and 6-inch wafers with deep ultraviolet lithography and show smooth and uniform etching, achieving 0.27 dB/cm optical propagation loss on wafer-scale. Our results show that LN PICs are fundamentally scalable and can be highly cost-effective.

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Matthew J. Turner, Nicholas Langellier, Rachel Bainbridge, Dan Walters, Srujan Meesala, Thomas M. Babinec, Pauli Kehayias, Amir Yacoby, Evelyn Hu, Marko Lončar, Ronald L. Walsworth, and Edlyn V. Levine. 7/31/2020. “Magnetic Field Fingerprinting of Integrated-Circuit Activity with a Quantum Diamond Microscope.” Physical Review Applied, 14, 014097. Publisher's Version [PDF]

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